Introduction

Everything starts with design. The choice of materials and production processes in the design phase will determine the environmental impact of a product. The design phase also affects the end-of-life of a product and determines its potential to be circular. In a circular system, the waste is designed out using materials which are durable, reusable, repairable and recyclable.

Material choice, use and source can greatly affect  the environmental impact measured.  

The EU waste hierarchy is a good example of a clear EU-wide definition that enables designers and developers to make a more circular choice.

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In order to design out waste, manufacturers need to be incentivised and able to track GHG emissions, chemicals, production waste & waste water.

A standardised way to measure sustainability performance will also contribute to clear consumer communication.

Together with policy makers, the industry will define a set of clear green claim guidelines to ensure consumers can make informed choices with comparable information based on harmonised standards.

There are numerous standards for recycling, such as the Global Recycling Standards or Recycled Claim Standard.  

Clear standards and measurement will enable systematic clarification in trade agreements on what constitutes ‘waste’, ‘recycled material’ or ‘used clothing’.

A circular system will responsibly and efficiently collect and close loops after the use phase, prioritising reuse and high-value recycling and connecting secondary raw materials with production processes to reintroduce them whenever possible in new products.